Method and apparatus for preparing representations or reproductions, on the original or on an altered scale, of objects, images, or pictures.



A. J. LOTKA. R PREPARING REPRESENTATI ALTERED some, or OBJECTS.

APPLlCATlON FILED SEPT. 8, I910.

Patented Mar. 21, 1916.

METHOD AND APPHATUS F0 0N8 0R REPRODUCTIONS, ON THE IMAGES, 08 PICTURES.

ORIGlNAL "R ON AN J E A .1) j \A. 12 E F 13 *c 0 IB 0 F g! i7! g lr'g. 2.

ALTERED SCALE. OF OBJECTS. \MAGES, 0R PICTURES.

, APPLICATION FlLtD SEPT.8,1910. 1,176,384. Patented Mar. 21, 1916 5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

METHOD AND APPARATUS F0 oiuenm 0R ON AN A. 1. LOTKA. PREPARING REPRESENTATIONS OR oAmINAL 0R ON AN AL E APP C TIO fl ED SEPT 8 I910 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR REPRODUCTlONS, ON THE TERED SCALE, OF OBJECTS IMAGES, OR PICTURES.

frwerziar'x Patented Mar. 21,1916.

A. l,- LOTKA.

ALTER APPLICATION man SEPT.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ALFRED METHOD AND APPARATUS ON THE ORIGINAL OR ON J. LOTKA, OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT FOR PREPARING REPRESENTATIONS OR AN ALTERED SCALE, 0F OBJECTS, IMAGES,

Specification of Letters Patent.

OF COLUMBIA.

REPRODUCTIONS,

OR PICTURES.

Patented Mar. 21, 1916.

Application filed September 8, 1910. Serial No. 581,012.

To all 21710.70 it may concern:

Be it known that l. Anrann J. Lorna, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city of \Vashington, District of Columbia, have invented a new method and apparatus for preparing representations or reproductions, on the original or on an altered scale, of objects, images, or pictures, of which the following is a specification.

The expression on an altered scale, as used in this description, and in the appended claims must be understood in a broa general sense, to include not only those types of representations or reproductions commonly spoken of as enlargements or reduced copies," but any representation or reproduction of a given original, such that the several dimensions (that is to say lengths, areas and angles) of the several parts of the representation or reproduction differ in whole or in part from the corresponding dimensions 0 the related parts of the original. Thus, if all lengths of the reproduction are some fixed multiple of the corresponding lengths of the original, while all angles are unaltered, such a reproduction is what is commonly called an enlargement." My invention contemplates however also for example the preparation of a representation or reproduction, uch that all lengths measured in a certain direction are the same as in the original, while all lengths at right angles to the aforesaid direction (or many other stated direction) are some multiple or submultiple of the corresponding lengths in the origina. This multiple or submultiple may be the same for all lengths measured in the direction stated, or it may difier in different portions of the image. do not restrict myself to any special type of reproduction, but I wish it to be clearly understood that by means of my process an apparatus I may prepare any reproduction whatever of a given image, on a scale which may be altered uniformly, or altered in different proportions for the several dimensions or parts of the original, or which may leave certain dimensions or parts unaltered, while changing other dimensions or parts uniformly or otherwise' My method may also be used to prepare copies in which the rela tion of right to left is reversed, as compared with the original, and this reversal may or may not be accompanied by a change in dimensions. Or the method may be so .ap-

opaque partition, a source plied that the relation of right to left remains unchanged. My method may further be used to prepare copies unaltered in scale.

Broadly stated, the principle upon which my invention is based consists in submitting successively selected portions of the given original to a copying process, the copy be ing prepared upon successively selected portions of the vehicle or blank which after completion of the process bears the reproduction.

- According to the manner of selecting successive portions of the original. and the corresponding successive portions of the blank, representations or reproductions variously related to the original are obtained. Furthermore, by in turn submitting the reproduction thus obtained to a process similar to that practised upon the original, a secondary reproduction may be obtained having a new relation to the original image. Similarly a tertiary copy, or copies of a higher order may be prepared, but certain secondary copies have properties which impart to them special utility, as will appear below.

In detail the mode of carrying out my process, and the apparatus employed therefor may vary within wide limits, while yet remaining within the scope of my invention.

As regards the successive selection of portions of the original for copying, it will in general be most convenient to select these for instance u said selected portions.

cessively upon simple way of effecting this, is to move the slit cut in an original across a narrow of light being situated on the other side of said partition. Obviously, if preferred, the original may be held stationary, and the slit may be moved.

The successive selection of successive por tions of the blank, uponwhich portionsthe copies of SUCC'QalVQ portions of the origina are made, may be practised in a manner analogous to that described above for the selection of successive portions of the origisuccessively nal. In other words, while for example sucthe smaller size plate is to be used. Figs.

cessive strip-shaped portions of the original 12 and 13 are perspective views of certain are passing behind the slit, and being in details. Fig. 14 is a plan view of another turn exposed to the beam of light transinitform of apparatus adapted for use with ted through the slit, the blank plate or film photographic dry plates. Fig. 15 is a seeis simultaneously drawn past the slit, so tion along line XV-XV of Fig. 14. Fig. that its successive striplike portions also are is a section along line XVI-XVI of successively exposed to the beam of light Fig. 14, with certain parts shown in elevapassing through the slit and through the tion. Fig 11 is a diagrammatic represenoriginal. Evidently if the original and the tation in section of a form of apparatus blank just keep pace with one another that adapted for carryin out my process with is to say, travel at every instant with the flexible photographic films carried upon a same velocity and in the same direction the celluloid or similar vehicle. one as the other, a simple copy on unaltered In the arrangement illustrated by Fig. 1 scale is produced. If however the blank A represents an original, such as a travels faster or more slowly than the origiphotographic negative, of which an enlai' enal, both traveling in the same direction ment is to e prepared. The negative is across the slit. then lines in the direction of pla ed h its film Side facing upward motion ll b leno'thened or h t d from the plane of the drawing. Over it is I spectively, en the copy as compared with laid a sheet of thin but opaque material the original, while lines at right angles to such as good opaque paper, preferably the line of motion will remain unaltered tinted red) having a very narrow strai ht T e particular arrangement of original, slit, initiallv in the position indicated b slit and blank, and their several motions, int e drawing Over the paper, film- '25 may be varied within wide limits without S1 6 s pla ed a sensitized blank E F departing from the spirit of my invention. C f t 8 s m WIdth as the original, but or the sake of example, and without in of greater or less length. For the sake of any way restricting the scope of my invenexample we will suppose that it has twice ion to t 3 specific cases a number of pethe length 0f the original. The lnltlzll p081- 1 1 arranoements which may be used are tlOIl E F C D 18 that indicated in the escribed below reference being had to the w g; accompanying drawing. Light is admitted from the farther side In this drawing Figur 1, 2, 3, 4, are h of the original (the side corresponding to grammatic representations to illustrate a h back o the Sheet of d ng) and he number of different arrangements of parts Slit is now moved With prefeiablv uniform and corresponding modes of carrying out velocitv from right to left across the origimy invention. Fi s. 5 to 13 inclusive repnal, while at the same time the blank is resent one preferied form of apparatus moved from left to right with a velocity suitable for carrying out my process wh oppcsite in direction to that of the slit, and 40 the original is a photographic negative 0 such magnitude tliatthe slit ust traverses upon a glass plate, and in particular, t e entire length of this blank in the same Fig. is a perspective view, with certime that it takes to traverse the len th of tain parts removed, and others thrown t e original. In the example selected above, open as in charging, to disclose certain w ere the blank is twice as long as the essential parts. Fig. 6 is a plan, with cer original the velocity of the blank must be ain parts broken away showing an arrangeequal (and opposite) to that of the slit ment in which two tapes are employed at hus, while the slit successively exposes all each side of the apparatus Fig. 7 i a parts of the original A B C to the light, vertical section substantially along line it also exposes all the corresponding parts VII 0 Fig. 6, but showing an arof plate E F C D, so that on E F C D there rangement in which a single tape is em-- appears a lengthened (positive) ima e of ployed at each side of the apparatus. Fig. the original (negative). In t e special exa is a partial detail view showing the cenample selected above the positive cop will tral portion of Fig. 7 with a slight modifie twice as long as the original while they 56 cation hereinafter referred to. ig. 8 a both have t e same breadt o wever, by vertical section alon line VIIIVIII of selecting different dimensions and correig 6, with certain parts shown in elevasponding velocities, I may prepare copies tion. 4 ig. 9 is a plan view similar to Fig 6 whose length bears different relations to that but with certain parts removed, and others of the original. Thus the copy may for ex- 00 inserted, so as to adapt the instiument for ample be made shorter than the original. t e reception of plates of a larger size, for W e may now submit the copy thus obtained a purpose which will be explained hereafter. (and preferably prepared in the form of a ig. 10 is a vertical section along line XX transparency) to a second operation similar of Fig. 9. Fig. 11 is a perspective view of to at practised on the original, but in such a removable adapter, which is inserted when manner that the lengt iening is now in a V we now suppose direction at right angles to that of the first lengthening. If for example in the first operation lines parallel to A B were lengthened, say doubled, in the second lines parallel to A B may be lengthened, say doubled. The result of this second operation will be an undistorted image of the original enlarged to four times the original scale, expressed in terms of area and will be a negative if the original was a negative. From this enlarged negative any number of positive prints may now be prepared by any suitable method. According to another arrangement, shown diagrammatically in Fig. 2, the initial position of the original is indicated by A B C D, the slit is initially at S S, the blank at E F C D. The slit is moved, preferably with uniform velocity, from the position S S to the position T T, and at the same time the blank E F C D is moved from the position indicated to the position D C A B, while light is admitted as in the preceding example. If, as drawn in Fig. 2. the original and the blank are of the same dimensions, the result is a copy of the original, on an unaltered scale, but having the relation of right and left hand reversed, as compared with such a copy as would be obtained from the original by the common method of contact-printing. A third arrangement may be illustrated by Fig. 1, if the slit to be lowermost, and stationary. Over it is the original A C D, film-side up, and over this the blank E F C D. If now A B C D is moved from left to right through a distance equal to A D, and at the same time E F C D is moved through a distance equal to E D, also from left to right, then the result will be similar to that described in the first example above. Still another arrangement is illustrated in Fig. 3. The slit here is oblique as shown at S S and may be stationary, while the original A B G D moves in the direction A D and the blank E F C D moves in the direction C D. The velocities may for example be so chosen that while A moves to E, F moves to G. The resulting image is a sheared copy of the original, 71. 6., one in which for example the right angle A B C of the original is represented by an acute angle in the co y. At the same time certain lines may b2 lengthened or shortened according to the dimensions and velocities chosen. In these examples for the sake of simplicity use has been made of a straight slit, and the velocities have been assumed rectilinear and preferably uniform. But I may use a slit of difierent shape. altering the motion accordingly and the velocities, instead of being uniform, may be variable, and directed in any desired sense. which itself may be made to vary from instant to instant. The slit is however pref erably made very narrow, as this improves the definition, and of uniform width, as this ordinarily facilitates securing an even length of exposure for the different portions of the original treated. But for certain purposes a slit may be used which is variable in width from point to point or from instant to instant or both.

The method is not restricted to photographic printing processes, e. processes depending upon the action of light. For the sake of illustration Fig. 4 shows how a simple stencil may by my method be made to furnish an imprint differing in dimensions from the corresponding openings in the stencil. In this figure A B is the original, in this case a stencil, which may be moved at a suitable, preferably uniform speed in the direction A B, as indicated by the feathered arrow. C D E is a'fiexible blank, such as a sheet of paper; it makes contact with A B at D, being pressed against A B at D by means of some suitable edge or roller represented diagrammatically by F D. The blank C D E is moved with suitable veloc ty (greater than that of A B i a lengthened copy of the stencil is desired) past the edge or roller F D, as indicated by the unfeathered arrow. ink may be applied by means of a brush. roller or the like as indicated at G D.

Of course. if the direction of travel. either of the original A B, or of the blank C D E, is reversed, while the blank or original re spectively travels in the direction indicated in Fig. 4, the result will be similar to that described with reference to Fig. 2, that is to say, the copy or reproduction will have the relation of right and left hand reversed, as compared with the original.

While I have here described my method as applied in particular to the use of a photo-graphic printing process and to a simple stencil, I wish it to be clearly understood that I contemplate the use of any other means or mode of producing a record or imprint, such as for example the catatype printing process. and that my invention is not restricted to the particular examples set forth above for the sake of illustration.

Having thus set forth my process, I will now describe in detail apparatus which may be employed in carrying out the same.

Referring to Fig. 5, 1 is a base. which in operation is preferably stationary. 2 is a board or plate adapted to slide longitudinally over base I and between the guides or side pieces 3. 3 rising from base 1 and firmly united thereto. 4 is a second board or plate. shorter than the first, but of the same breadth. In Fig. 5, 4 is shown thrown back, as in charging the apparatus: in operation 4 lies flat upon 2, over which it slides between the guides 3. 3, the said guides being of a depth equal to the combined Suitable color or thickness of 2 and 4. The plate 4 is provided with a recess 5 the depth of which must be at least somewhat in excess of the thickness of the photographic plates to be employed. Removably fitting into recess 5 is an adapter 6, which is inserted when the plates employed are smaller than those adapted for direct reception in recess 5. The corners of the recess are preferably formed with projections as shown at 7, and similarly the inner corners of 6 have projections 8. In operation the photographic plate extends through the entire length of the recess 5, or of that portion of 5 left open on insertion of adapter 6. The plate does not extend through the entire breadth of the recess 5, or the free portion thereof, but only as far as the inner edge of the corner pieces 7 or 8, which serve to loosely hold the plate in place. A little play is left both longitudinally and laterally, to allow for slight variations in the size of the plates upon the market. ()wing to the arrangement of corner pieces 7 and 8 a space is left at the side of the plate, when inserted. This space receives loops 26, 26 and the ends of springs 27, 27 projecting upward from 2 as will be explained below. Base 1 is provided with a central opening into which fits a removable piece 9, held in place by any suitable device, such as hook 10 and pin 11.

By reference to Figs. 7 and 8 it will be seen that the removable piece 9 is provided centrally with an aperture or slit 12. From reasons of economy and to reduce the weight of the apparatus it is preferable not to make 9 of metal. The edges of the slit however which are effective in the operation of the instrument must be perfectly smooth and, are preferably made of separate strips 13, 14, for example of brass, as shown in Figs. 5, 6, 7. Preferably at least one of these strips, for example 14, is made removable. For this purpose strip 14 is provided with a groove or rabbet over which fits a guide 15. WVhen cover 9 is removed from base 1, the edge-piece 14 can simply be slid out, and the edges of 13 and 14 can then readily be cleaned or freed from adhering dust as the occasion may require. The proportions of the several parts are so chosen, that normally strips 13 and 14 are in absolute contact, their adjacent surfaces being ground true. By gently and slightly bending cover piece 9 with the hand, the contacting faces of 13 and 14 may be drawn slightly apart, and small pieces 16, 16 of very thin paper can then be inserted as shown in Fig. 8 at the extremities of the space between 13 and 14, thus forming delicate spacing means to produce a very fine slit between 13 and 14. The combined thickness 0f59 and 13 or 14 is so adjusted that in operation the free surface of 13, 14 comes just up to, though preferably not through quite contacting with, the free surface or back of the photographic plate. The slit is preferably covered with very thin glass, mica or the like, to keep out dust (see Fig. 7 at 14). Cover piece 9 is made with shoulders 18, 18 and wings 19, 19, (Fig. 7) and with shoulders 20, 20 which serve to form a groove for the reception of edgepieces 13, 14. The board 2 is provided with an opening 21, into which fits adapter 22, shown in detail in Fig. 11. Adapter 22 has shoulders 23, 23 to engage with correspondmg shoulders 24 of board 2, as shown in section on Fig. 7. cessedat 25, 25, for the reception of a photographic plate, and are provided with eyes or loops 26 to engage springs 27, 27, as shown in Figs. 5, 6, 8. Notches 28 in 22 receive the vertical portions of loops 26,, so that said portions are kept out of contact with the edges of the plate lodged in recesses Recesses 25, 25 may be partiallv filled up by thin laths 29, 29, shown in Fig. 11 and Fig. 12. As was mentioned above. the corner-pieces 8 leave spaces on either slde, into which loops 26 project upward.

Loops 26 are removable, and as shown in Figs. 6, 7, 8 and 11 for example are made to slide in and out. laths 29 being removed when it is desired to withdraw loops 26. These loops pass through grooves 73 in recess 25. and laths 29 may be provided with cross-pieces 30 fitting into these grooves. This assists in keeping laths 29 in place.

The opening 21 of board 2 is provided with recesses 31. 31 (Fig. 5,) having loops 32 (Figs. 9 and 10) and laths 33. similar and corresponding to recesses 25, loops 26 and laths 29 of adapter 22, but designed to receive a larger plate and longer springs 34, 34 (Figs. 9, 10). \Vhen adapter 22 and loops 26 are in use. loops 32 are removed, and vice versa.

For use in conjunction with the larger size plate, a cover-piece 35, similar to 9 is provided, with edge-strips 36 and spacing pieces 37 (Fig. 10). This c0ver-piece is essentially similar to 9. except that the slit is longer, to correspond to the width of the larger plate, and does not require any further description.

The required type of motion is imparted, in the apparatus shown in Figs. 5 to 9, by a system of thin flexible tapes and a Windlass. The tape 38 is attached to base 1 (Fig. 6), for example by passing it through the same several times as shown at 39, 40, 41, the friction, at these openings, together with other features referred to hereafter, being sufficient to hold the tape in place. Tape 38 passes from 39 to the left over and in contact with the surface of base 1, and under board 2, emerging .at 42, and is then passed an opening 43 in 4, being firmly attached to 4 in any suitable manner. Tape The sides of 22 are re- 38 ends in a buckle 44. Tape is attached to base 1 at 46, 47, 48, thence passes between 1 and 2, is flexed over 2 at 49, passes through 4 at 50, and may be fastened by means of the buckle at 44. The end of this tape is preferably made of leather. For the main portion of the tape I have found fine satin ribbon suitable. 'If desired the ends of the tapes at 41 and 48 may be fastened to 1 in any suitable manner, or a single tape 45 may be used which extends under 1 from 41 to 48 as shown in Fig. 7, and from 48 to 41 as described above. In this case no special fastening is-required at 41 and 48, the tape being held quite firmly by friction alone. ()n the opposite side of the apparatus lniilar tape or tapes (38' and 4?), Fig. 6) are provided, which do not need separate description.

In certain of the appended claims, I have referred to the tapes as flexible connections each of which has its ends secured to difierent members, so that apparently ill??? claims apply only to the construction shown in 6; I desire it to be understood, however, that the construction shown in Fig. 7, where both ends of the same tape or fiexible connection are secured to the same member, is an absolute equivalent of the first'mentioned construction, and that accordingly the said claims are to be interpreted as covering both constructions.

The openings 39, 40, 41, 46, 47, 48 and the corresponding openings on the opposite side are not inexact alinement, but are so ar- Fastened to book I which may be ranged that the tape is slightly oblique, so that its several adjacent portions come to lie side by side. Board 4 is provided at one end .with a hook 51, (Figs. 6,

51 is a cord 52, which passes over a pulley 53, and supports a weight 54. At the opposite end board 4 is provided with a hook to which is fastened a cord 56, tied in. a knot at t1: w-- cure it in slot 58 at the end of axle .39. This latter is rotatably supported in bearings in blocks 60, 61, and carries at its outer end a crank 62 and handle (33. Closure is pro vided by means of a cover 64 (Figs. 7. 8, 10) attached by any suitable means, such as clamps 67, shown in detail in Fig. 13. desired both hooks and eyes 65, 66 and clamps 67 may be used. Cover 64 is provided at 68, 68 with groves for the passage of tape 38 and buckle 44, and at 69 with a shoulder, to engage a shoulder 70 on guide 3.

The operation of the apparatus represented in Figs. 5 to 13 is as follows: Cover piece 9 carrying edge-strips 13, 14 is inserted in its place, and the apparatus is laid down facing as in Fig. 6. The cover 64 is removed, tapes 38 and 38 are unfastened at buckles 44, 44', and the backboard 4 is thrown upward and backward, as indicated board 4 is then 7 and 9).,

hooks 65 and pins 66, or-

in Fig. 5 tapes 38 and 38 acting as hinges. Adapter 22 is inserted into the board 2. For this purpose 2 may be thrown upward in the same Way as 4. When 22 is in place, a negative 17 of which an enlarged copy is to be prepared, is laid, film side up. into the recess 25, loops 26 and laths 29 being in place. The depth of recess 25 (with laths 29 in place) is such that the film surface of the plate projects slightly over the surface of board 2 and adapter 22, the two latter being flush. The instrument is now taken into a dark room illuminated with red light in the usual manner. Over negative 17, which may for example measure 31x4}; inches, is laid film downward a. sensitive plate 71, of the same breadth as negative 17, but twice as long, that is to say, in the above example, measuring 64x42; inches. Springs 27,27 are then fitted under loops 26 as shown in Figs. 5 to 8, and adapter 6 is fitted into backboard 4, in which it may be held simply by friction. Tapes 38, 38 are now loosely passed through apertures 50, 50', and backboard 4 is laid down tlat over board 2. Boards 4 and 2 are lightly moved forward or backward over base 1 until recess 5 18 felt to register with plate 71, and backboard 4 sinks down into contact with board 2. The tapes 38, 38 are then drawn tight and fastened by means of buckles 44, 44. Back drawn into the'position shown in Fig. 6, shoulder 20 acting as a stop engaging shoulder 23' of adapter 22 (Fig.

7) and cord 56 is attached at one end to and slipped at the other end through notch 58 of axle 59, being held therein by knot 57. Cord 52 is similarly attached to book 51 and is passed over pulley 53, in readiness for attaching weight 54 to it. Cover 64 is laid in place, and fastened by means of hooks 65 engaging pins 66, or by means of clamps 67, or in any other suitable manner. The instrument may now be taken out of the dark room, and exposure made by daylight, unless it is preferred to expose by artificial light In practice it is found sirable to use fast plates and bright li ht. The instrument is now laid with the slit acing upward, weight is allowed to fall upon negative 17 and plate 71 through slit 12, while handle 63 is turned at uniform speed. This causes backboard 4 to travel toward axle 59, while through the action of tapes 38, 38 board 2 is caused to travel in the same direction but at half the speed, on the well known principle of the single movable pulley. This motion is continued until shoulder 23 of adapter 22 engages the opposite shoulder 20 of cover piece 19. The dimensions of the several parts are such that before this motion of backboard 4 starts, and after it is completed, negative 17 and plate 71 are entirely withdrawn from under slit 12, as shown for example in Fig.

, be of value,

6. The instrument is now taken to the dark room and opened, and plate 71 is developed, fixed, washed and dried in the usual manner. In appearance it is a positive, and is a' distorted copy of the negative, all lines quire modification. In this second operation adapter 22 is removed, and plate 71 is now laid into recess 31 of board 2, loops 26 having been taken out and transferred to position 32. The

with

shoulders 23 allows somewhat more extend-' ed motion, corresponding to the larger size of the plates employed. After exposure plate 72 is taken out, developed, fixed, washed and dried. The result of this second operation is a negative,'a copy of the original negative on twice the original scale, reckoned in linear measure.

While I have, for purposes of illustration, shown here a form of apparatus'which prodrees undistorted copies on twice the original scale, I may, by introducing one or more additional intermediate boards, with tapes suitably arranged around them, construct apparatus similar in general principle to that shown in Figs. 5 to 13, but'adapted to produce enlargements on four, eight or a greater number of times the original scale. It will be obvious that the shaft 59 may be operated in other ways trated in the drawings.

For some purposes the distorted copy obtained by the first operation alone may also and my apparatus is adapted for the production of such distorted copies also.

Figs. 14 to 16 repres nt another form of apparauts for carrying out my process. As shown in the drawing, this apparatus comprises a base-plate 74 havingarecessed opening 75, the recess being formed for example y a rectangular frame 76 attached to the base plate 74 by means of screws 77. At the sides of the base plate 74 may be arranged strips 78 and broader strips 79 laid over strips 78, these strips being fastened to base plate 74 by screws 80. Strengthening crossfirmly screwed into thumbscrew serves at the same time to unite than the one illuspieces 81, 82, 83 extend across from the strips on one side to those on the other, bemg screwed down upon them. Strips 79 are wider than strips 78. and overlap the strips 79 and base plate 74. In these grooves frame 84, the sides of are narrower than the overlapping that the aforesaid not completely filled by frame 84 Fitting into the remaining portion of said grooves, and closely fitting within frame 84, is a plate or board 85 recessed at 86 (Figs. 15, 16), for the reception of a sensitized plate 87. Screws 88, 88, with milled heads pass through one end of plate 85, and the points of screws 88, 88 press agalnst clamping pieces 89 within the recess 86, so that by turning screws 88 plate 87 may be firmly secured in recess 86. Across This screen should b at least to those rays of light which readily affect the photographic plate. At 91 screen 0 is crossed by a narrow slit, seen in section in Fig. 16, and running parallel to the short side of the rectangular frame 84. A pair of lazy-tongs 92 is mounted upon a fixed pivot 93 tongs 92 1s a thumbscrew 94,

plate 85 at 95..

limbs 96, 97 of the lazytongs,so that when be provrde'd on each face of the body-frame,

to enable it to be laid d in. contact with the supporting surface. Spacing strips 106 are placed in recess 86, to bring-the original 107 of which a copy is to be made, and which is laid in this recess. flush with the inner face of base 74. This original may be clamped in place by means 0 a screw 108 extending through the side of body frame 73, and pressing with its point against a clamping corner-piece 109. To operate this instrument, thumbscrews 94, are removed, and frame 84 and plate 85 are withdrawn so far as to expose recess 86. The requisite thickness of spacing strips 106 is inserted, and upon this, film side up, the negative or other original to be copied 1S laid. As stated above,this negative should be just flush with the inner face of baseplate 74. Plate 85 is taken out'of the instrument, as can readily be done by drawing frame 84 out sufficiently, and a sensitized plate 87 is fastened down in'recess 86 by means of screws 88 and clamps 89 (Fig. 16).

' This operation must of course be performed in a dark room. The film side of this late should be turned outward, and should be made justflush with the 'outer surface of plate 85. This is readily done by placing a piece of cardboard and several thicknesses of paper, as occasion may require, into recess 86, behind plate 87. Plate 85 thus charged is then introduced into the instrument as shown in Fig. 16, and thumbscrews 94, 98 are screwed in. The instrument is now placed with the opening turned toward a source of light, and by working lazy-tongs 92 by opening out the handles (not shown), plate containing sensitized plate 87 is caused to travel from left to right (referring to the arrangement of parts displayed in Figs. 14 and 16), whileframe 84, and with it slit 91, travels from right to left, its final position being shown in dotted lines in Fig. 14. In the drawing the dimensions are chosento represent an instrument which will receive a negative measuring 31x4} inches, and a sensitive plate measuring 41x61 inches; in such a case plate 87 moves 3?; inches (or a little in excess of this) to the right, and slit 91 moves an equal distance to the left, the several limbs of lazy-tongs 92 being all of equal length. But different dimensions may be chosen, and the requisite motion, if unequal, of plate 87 and slit 91 may be obtained by suitably adjusting the length of the limbs of the lazy-tongs. In anycase however the original and copy will have one dimension in common. 3 I

The development of plate 87 is effected as usual, and thus a distorted copy is obtained. From this a rectified copy can be obtained in a manner similar to that described in connection with the apparatus shown in Figs. 5 to 13. For this purpose a second separate apparatus similar to that shown in Figs. 14 to 16, but of correspondingly increased dimensions may be used, or, what is more expedient, one such apparatus with a set of adapters of suitable size may be employed for both the first and the second operation. This doesnot require any detailed description.

In Fig. 17 there is shown diagrammatically a form of apparatus suitable for carrying out my process with photographic films mounted upon a celluloid or similar proximity past the slit 111 and between py, feed rollers 116, 117, and attached to; the j76 windingreel 118. A sensitized film 119'issimilarly unwound from a reel 120 through feed rollers 121, 122 and 123, 124, and wound on a reel 125, film 112 facing with. its celluloid side outward toward the slit, and film 119 facing with its sensitive emulsion side in contact with the emulsion side of film 112. To insure proper contact a yielding roller 126 is preferably provided. To operate this apparatu's the feed rollers are rotated by any suitablemeans each at a definite speed. If the speed of the two films is the same a simple unaltered copy is obtained. This may be taken advantage of in copying for example cinematograph films. Ifhowever film 119 moves faster than film 112, a drawnout copy is ob tained, or if 119 moves more slowly than 112 a foreshortened copy is obtained, 11. 6. one in which lines parallel to the slit are copied unaltered, but lines at right angles to the same are shortened. It IS of course necessary, in case the films employed are narrower than the breadth of the slit, to cover up the free portions of the, slit.

.gles to the first. For this purpose, the film s wound on the reel 113 in a position at right angles to that which it occupied dur ing the first operation. That is to say, the edge of the film which previously was arranged parallel to the axis of the reel, is now coiled transversely upon the reel, and vice versa. In a number of cases, the reel will be long enough to accommodate the film in either position; when such is not the case, simple expedients, such as will "occur to any skilled mechanic, will be adopted to" enable the film to be wound on the reel in the desired'manner. The result o f the second operation is an undistorted copy, on enlarged scale, of the original. If the original was a negative, this copy will be a negative, and any number of prints can be prepared therefrom by any of the known methods. Similarly from the foreshortened copy, copies on a reduced scale may be obtained.

Having thus set forth the nature of my invention, I wish it to be clearly understood that I do not limit myself to the details of process and apparatus herein described by The drawn out copyobtained as described the way of example, but that I claim as my invention thebroad plan and principles of which such examples are illustrations, and which are more specifically pointed out in the following claims.

What I claim is 1. In a device for preparing reproductions .or images of objects, three members movable relatively to one another, a flexible connec tion attached at one end to one of said meme bers and at the other end to another of said members, said connection forming a bight in which one end of the third member enga-ges', .and a second'fiexible connection attached at one end to said first member and at the other end to said second member, and forming a bightfor engaging the other end of said third member.

2. Apparatus for producing records, comprisinga base provided with an aperture, means movable ina predetermined path over said base, and adapted to hold in immediate proximity to said aperture an original adapted to produce a record by cooperation with an agent admitted through said aperture, means-for-holding a blank adapted to retain a recordineontact with said original,

means movable' jiir-predetermined path over said first mentioned movable means, means relatively to one another, fiexible connections extending in opposite directions from one of said members and having bight-forming re 7 turn portions likewise extending in opposite connections engage oppositely facing sur directions, one end of each of said connections being attachedto another of said members," and the other end to the said first member, while the bights of the two flexible faces of the third member,

' 4. In a device for preparingir'eproductions or images of objects, three members movable'relatively to one another,'a-pair of flexible connections extending in opposite directions from one of said members at one side of its longitudinal center, another pair of flexible connections extending from the-same member iii a like manner at the other sideof its longitudinal center, each of said flexible connections having a bight-forming return portion, one end of each of said connections being attached to another of said members,

copy of a given image, by

from said image a copy distorted by increasing the length of all lines running a' cer--- and the other end to the first-named member,

while the' bights of the two flexible connections engage opposite ends of the third membe r.

of a given image, by first-producing a copy distorted in some definite predetermined manner, and thereupon p'rodu'cin asecondary copy from the first-mentioned copy,rsaid secondary copy itself being distorted in some definite predetermined manner with regard to the first copy.

. 6;A method of preparing a reproductionon an altered scale of a given image, which consists in producing a distorted copyfgilif' said image, and then producing from said copy a secondary copy so distorted with re gard to the first, as to compensate for the 5. A method of preparing reproductions distortion of the first, and produce a secondary copy geometrically similar ,to the original. if

7. A method of preparin an enlarged tain direction, and then producing from said rst. producing,

copy a secondary copy so distorted with re-v spect to the first as to compensate for the distortion of the first, and produce a,'second-.

geometrically similar to the origi ary copy nal.

on an altered scale of a given image, by-first producing a copy of said image. having all' lines parallel to a predetermined direction altered in a given ratio, and lines at right angles to this direction unaltered, and thereupon producing a secondary copy from the first-nientioned copy, said secondary copy having the lines previously. unchanged altered in the aforementioned ratio, and lines at right angles to said direction left unaltered as compared with the primary copy.

' 9. An apparatus for making records, comprising three members, one 0 which is provided with an aperture, while "the second forms a holder for the original and the third a holder for a record-retaining blank, .the

said three members being arranged with their broad surfaces facing each other in the neighborhood of said aperture and two of them being constructed as slidesmovable in parallel paths having a component trans--- 8. A method of preparing a,reproduction verse to the direction of said aperture. to

establish successively the operative relation of different portions of the original and of the record-retaining blank with said aperture.

10. An apparatus for making records,

comp'rising three members, one of which is provided with an aperture, while the second forms a holder for the original and the third a holder for a record-retaining blank, the said three members being arranged with their broad surfaces facing each other in the neighborhood of said aperture and two of them being constructed as slides movable in parallel paths having a component transverse to the direction of said aperture while the third member is stationary, the movement of the slides being adapted to establish successively the operative relation of different portions of the original and of the record-retaining blank with said aperture.

11. An apparatus for making records, comprising three members, one of which is provided with an aperture, While the second forms a holder for the original and the third a holder for a record-retaining blank, the said three members being arranged with their broad surfaces facing each other in the neighborhood of said aperture and two of them being constructed as slides movable in parallel paths having a component trans,

verse to the direction of said aperture, and an operative connection between said two slides to cause them to move in different ways so as to constantly alter the relative position of, original and record-retaining blank.

12. An apparatus for making records,

comprising three members, one of whichis provided with an aperture, while the second forms a holder for the original and the third a holder for a record-retaining blank, the said three members being arranged with their broad surfaces facing each other in the neighborhood of said aperture and two ofthem being constructed as slides movable in parallel paths having a component transverse to the direction of said aperture, and a flexible operative connection consisting of tapes associated with said slides and arranged to cause them to move in different Ways so as to constantly alter the relative position of original and record-retaining blank.

13. An apparatus for making records, comprising three members, one of which is provided with an aperture, while the second forms a holder for the original and the third a holder for a record-retaining blank, the said three members being arranged with their broad surfaces facing each other in the neighborhood of said aperture and two of them being constructed as slides movable in parallel paths having a component transverse to the direction of said aperture and an operative connection consisting of tapes secured to one of said slides and to the third member and embracing the other slide and having a sliding enfa ement therewith to cause the last-name s otherslide. V v

14. A method of preparing reproductions on an altered scale of a given ima e, by first ide to move at a diiferent rate of speed from, the

secondary copy itself being distorted with regard to the first copy in a direction havin a component transverse to the first-name direction.

15. A method of producing an altered reproduction of a given image, by first producing a copy of said image having all lines parallel to a predetermined direction altered as to length, and lines at right angles to this direction unaltered, and thereupon producing a secondary cop from the firstmentioned copy, said secon ary copy having those lines unaltered which are at a predetermined angle to said right-angle lines, and all other lines altered as to length.

16. A method of producing an altered reproduction of'a given original, which consists in moving a blank adapted to retain a record, in a predetermined direction past the surface of the given original, and during such motion causing a record-producing agent to be transmitted through successive strip-shaped portions of the original to suecessive strip-shaped portions of the blank, and then subjecting the copy thus obtained to a copying process similar to the first copying process but proceeding in a. direction having a component transverse to the firstnamed direction.

17. The method of preparing inverted copies of images which consists in copying progressively the image upon the image-receiving blank-by relatively reversely moving the image and the blank through a beam of light having a minimum dimension in the direction of such movement and formed by through .said object or image and having a minimum dimension in the direction of such movement. v

19. The method of preparing inverted I copies of objects or images pervious to the copying agent, which consists in copying 5 progressively the object or image upon thei image -receiving blank by .relatively reversely moving the object or image and the blank through a stream or beam of the copying agent passingv in a'uniform direction through said object or image and having a minimum dimension jin'the direction,

of such movement.

20. In a device of the character described,

a member provided with a portion for al- 120 lowing the passage of a copying agent, an- I other member movable relatively to said first-named member and provided with means for successively holding adjacent to said portion, an original and a primary 13o copy made therefrom and of a difi'erent size, and means for holding a blank sensitive to the copying agent, in operative relation to said two members.

21. In a device of the character described, a member provided with a portion for allowing the passage of a copying agent, another member movable relatively to said first-named member and provided with means for holdin adjacent to said portion, articles of two di erent sizes, said sizes having one dimension in common, and means for holding a blank sensitive to the copying agent, in operative relation to said two members.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ALFRED J. LOTKA.

Witnesses:

ORIN TUGMAN, E. C. CRITTENDEN. 

